Deviance: Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Each general public has built up their own guidelines and standards, and each general public contains the individuals who split away from these standards and desires. These individuals are called freaks. All social orders from the beginning of time have had these freaks who will not observe the guidelines set up by the network wherein they live. Aberrance is vital, somewhat, for social orders to progress. Without abnormality, human culture would deteriorate. The reasons for aberrance, in the same way as other different points, is easily proven wrong. Some state individuals are hereditarily resolved to either be degenerate or not, some state abnormality is brought about by the earth where they grow up: nature, or support. All through the late nineteenth and mid twentieth hundreds of years, numerous families were concentrated so as to perhaps discover an association among heredity and guiltiness or â€Å"feeble-mindedness† (foolishness was a term utilized in this timeframe that could mean various things: different types of mental hindrance, learning inabilities, and dysfunctional behavior). The two most notable examinations were of the Jukes and the Kallikak families. The Jukes were first concentrated in 1874 when a humanist named Richard L. Dugdale contemplated the records of 13 detainment facilities in New York. In the wake of investigating various convicts’ ancestries, he found that there was a man, whom he gave the name Max, conceived somewhere close to 1720 and 1740 who was the progenitor of 76 sentenced hoodlums, 18 house of ill-repute proprietors, 120 whores, more than 200 individuals on government assistance, and 2 instances of foolishness. In 1912, another examination was distributed on the Jukes, this time by a man named Arthur H. Estabrook, who asserted Dugdale’s study hadn’t been exhaustive enough. Estabrook included in excess of 2,000 extra individuals into the gathering of subjects included under the nom de plume raising the aggregate to 2,820. The Kallikak family was first concentrated in a similar year as the keep going investigation on the Jukes was distributed. Henry H. Goddard was an American analyst who ran the New Jersey Home for the Education and Care of Feebleminded Children (presently known as Vineland Training School). In 1912, he started to examine the family history of a lady in his office, who he gave the nom de plume Kallikak.† Goddard found that the woman’s extraordinary incredible extraordinary granddad, Martin Kallikak, a Revolutionary War saint, at one point had an ill-conceived youngster with a dim witted barmaid. This kid, a child, had offspring of his own, who had their own youngsters, and proceeded through the ages. These relatives all ended up poor, crazy, criminal, or intellectually hindered. Nonetheless, after further examination into Martin Kallikak’s family tree, Goddard found that his different relatives, those not identified with the moronic barmaid, were totally unique. These youngsters grew up to be shrewd, prosperous, upstanding residents; they went into vocations like specialists, legal advisors, and clergymen. As indicated by Dugdale, Estabrook, and Goddard, there is an unmistakable connection among hereditary qualities and the conduct in which an individ ual takes an interest inside their lifetime. These investigations, in any case, are 100 years of age. A few people would contend that except if increasingly present day research is dedicated to hereditary based aberrance, that we can't consider these examinations legitimate today. There has been a lot of study given to hereditarily caused abnormality, specifically to the MAOA quality. In a couple of various examinations the low-articulation variation of this quality, known as MAOA-L, has been connected to an expanded danger of savagery and forceful conduct. The MAOA quality controls the creation of monoamine oxidase An, a catalyst that brings down the body’s utilization of synapses like dopamine and serotonin. At the point when the MAOA-L quality is available in an individual, their body will utilize a greater amount of these synapses than typical, this can prompt rest issue, unnecessarily indiscreet or vicious practices, and outrageous emotional episodes. A recent report, headed by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg, found that individuals with the MAOA-L quality were bound to have a l ittler limbic framework. The limbic framework incorporates the hippocampus, amygdala, foremost thalamic cores, and the limbic cortex. These pieces of the cerebrum help to control feeling, conduct, and long haul memory. The investigation additionally found that the amygdala became hyper responsive when the members with the MAOA-L quality were given an assignment, for example, replicating an outward appearance. The amygdala is a piece of what controls enthusiastic handling in the cerebrum; the scientists guessed that this gathering would be less inclined to hinder compelling passionate driving forces. Studies, for example, these can give incredible help to the nature side of the abnormality banter. On the sustain side of the contention, various examinations on the impacts of a separation or broken home on a kid have prompted some persuading insights. Offspring of separated from guardians are around multiple times bound to drop out of secondary school than those whose guardians kept on being together. Females who experienced childhood in a family where the guardians separated are generally twice as prone to become young moms than those living with non-separated, organic guardians. 70% of long haul ind icted hoodlums were brought up in a messed up home. While 75% of adolescent crooks who are viewed as a danger to people in general additionally originated from a separated from family. An ideal case of abnormality being a consequence of condition and not hereditary qualities is a man named Richard Ramirez. Ramirez was conceived in 1960 and was the most youthful of six youngsters; he and his kin all grew up encompassed by a similar home condition. The distinction for Richard being that around ten years of age, his cousin, Mike, turned into a good example subsequent to coming back from the war in Vietnam and getting various honors and decorations. Be that as it may, Mike was not a positive effect on Ramirez; he indicated Richard pictures of ladies in Vietnam whom he assaulted, and afterward gave him photos of similar ladies after they had been severely killed. Mike educated Richard how to chase successfully, and in the long run acquainted him with medications and robbery. What many consider the last trigger for Ramirez, around 11 years of age at that point, was the point at which he saw Mike slaughter his better half. In 1983 Richard Ramirez moved to the Los Angeles, California region; before long, in June of 1984, Ramirez guaranteed his first casualty. â€Å"The Night Stalker,† as he was in the end marked, proceeded on a series of murders, assaults, and mutilations until he was imprisoned in August of 1985. Ramirez was sentenced for 13 killings, 5 endeavored murders, 11 rapes, and 14 robberies. He is right now waiting for capital punishment.

Causes of Suicide - Emile Durk essays

Reasons for Suicide - Emile Durk articles The reasons for self destruction (particularly in guys) will attempt to be clarified by utilizing the hypotheses of Emile Durkheim and various different thoughts by natural sociologists. Present day ways to deal with the investigation of self destruction are engrossed by 'hazard' factors however it is contended that this methodology does little to propel the understandings of self destruction rates. Durkheim gave a pragmatist hypothesis. By differentiate present day ways to deal with the investigation of self destruction which discuss 'hazard variables' (Bluementhal Charlton, 1993; Davison 'Hazard hypothesis' has become the prevailing structure inside which ways to deal with the investigation of self destruction are right now encircled however it offers little bits of knowledge into the marvels. Durkheim nonetheless, thought about unselfish self destruction getting from over-incorporation (Durkheim, 1952, p 171). He offers a hypothesis that may represent it. Hazard hypothesis presents us with arrangements of prior conditions which give conditions in which suicides are bound to happen. Self destruction rates for people in Canada followed comparable patterns all through quite a bit of this century until the mid 1970's the point at which they veered. Rates decreased during both the First and Second World Wars, rose during the downturn of the nineteen thirties and rose once more, insecurely, with present war monetary development on a top in the nineteen sixties (World Health Statistics Annual). Every one of these variances are as Durkheim could have anticipated. The critical coming about pattern has been the sexual orientation dissimilarity with youthful male self destruction rates climbing consistently since that time and ladies' declining. By and large rates show that self destruction is right now multiple times as regular in men as in ladies in Canada (World Health Statistics Annual 1993 and 1994, 1994 and 1995). Given that the self destruction rates among youngsters in Canada and the US have risen shockingly as of late the inquiry that is being posed is the reason? In the two nations it appears as though... <!

Ethics Related Information Management System Essay

Morals Related Information Management System - Essay Example It is principal to comprehend, oversee and keep up profoundly assorted qualities in the school activity in order to the issues of morals exceptionally available and reasonable for all. Quite a bit of contemporary writing concerning data the executives morals isn't coordinated toward the genuine advantages of chiefs and pioneers of the school organization (the individuals who are fundamentally dependable ethic the board in the school network), however it is an area for all gatherings included the two supervisors and understudies. Absence of essential data isn't the misstep of the scholastics, social pundits or savants, (Bynum and Rogerson). This test is the aftereffect of inadequate contribution chiefs and pioneers in the writing and conversation about school morals. All the pioneers and administrators school must take part to help address the moral issues. The socialization procedure and nature to which students and the whole school network are uncovered stay basic factors that decid e the character building and scholarly achievement. Each school condition basically adds to the data arrangement of the school and the general forming of the moral estimations of both the understudy and educators before joining the work advertise. Viability of morals and its commitment help in forming the virtues of the school network. Morals manage the people’s moral activities. Primarily school morals apply to educators, understudies, the educational committee and overseers. For each situation, a direct of lead is built up structure inside the school foundation, by means of the expert, association. This code of morals gives moral principles that manage the conduct of the individuals related with and how they should relate with others in the dynamic procedure and working. It likewise helps in the executives of the data arrangement of school. Moral codes layout the results for the gatherings that don't follow the school ethic arrangements concerning the treatment of the schoo l indispensable data, assessments, school records and other pertinent data. The morals are intended to build up an environment of trustworthiness, praiseworthy citizenship and trust according to understudies the morals depend on understudy demonstrating regard for the chairmen, educators, guardians, school non-showing staff and different understudies. What's more, the morals necessitate that understudies should regard the program of the school, offices and the school data, also. Morals monitor about literary theft among the understudies, they are legally necessary to submit for denoting their own one of a kind work and be prepared to confront the outcomes and discipline, for example, ejection, suspension or other related managerial activities on the off chance that they appropriate their work. Heads and instructors are morally guided through the institutional and expert, moral codes. The law requests them to build up a learning climate that advances high moral norms for students thr ough guidance and displaying. What's more, the heads and instructors must give a protected learning condition where all understudies have equivalent instructive chances and can accomplish achievement. Ethic requests that instructors should show high moral principles when passing on some data concerning the school or speaking with the friends, understudies, guardians and other party’

The triumph of christianity over paganism in the middle ages.

The triumph of christianity over agnosticism in the medieval times. I could reveal to all of you about the Greeks and Romans, and the wars, yet whenever religion comes up, I get befuddled. I am not an agnostic using any and all means, yet I am not a strict aficionado. In contrast to the Pagans, and even our regular Christians, I don't rest my destiny in the hands of any god or divine beings, or even goddesses. I accept that I control my own destiny, and I don't make a special effort to satisfy any profound being to guarantee my wellbeing and prosperity. I additionally don't comprehend the entire idea of battling between the agnostics and the Christians, along these lines I don't accept that the triumph of Christianity was quite a bit of a verifiable need. Maybe it was only the gullible mentalities of the polytheistic Pagans, or possibly the monotheistic Christians.One of the most noticeable things to stand apart about Pagan religion is the confidence in more than one god.Greek Easter Dinner PlateThat is the premise of being agnostic. Early Greeks goi ng back to about 1325b.c. in Athens. The individuals of Athens had confidence in numerous divine beings, who every one in their own spoke to an evolutional part of life. The objective of the Greeks was to satisfy the divine beings living on Mount Olympus in any capacity that they could. Some even went similarly as giving up their own youngsters. A significant number of the urban areas in Greek had their own divine beings, demonstrating the polytheistic Paganism to be all through the human advancement. For instance, there was the divine force of the ocean, Poseidon. The Greeks accepted that it was he who controlled the ocean, and carried going great to the individuals who merited, and passing to the individuals who tricked them . In spite of the fact that Pagans revered more than one god, they were not known to close out the Christians, in light of the fact that even idea the...

Beijing Opera Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Beijing Opera - Essay Example This conventional Chinese performance center varies from show, emulate, and dramatization and puts more accentuation to 'Chang (Singing)', 'Nian (Speaking)', 'Zuo (Acting), and 'Da (Fighting)'. The Beijing Opera started from the center time of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and involves four exhibitions that incorporate Anhui †Sanqing Troupe, Sixi Troupe, Chungong Troupe, and Chun Troupe that live in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai China1. Without a doubt, there were numerous names for Beijing Opera in its history, for example, Pihuang, Erhuang, Huang Qiang, Peking Opera, Pingju Opera, and Chinese Opera. Be that as it may, Peking Opera that was conceived when the 'Four Great Anhui Troupes' brought Anhui show overrides the rest. Beijing Opera shows itself as one of the social fortunes of China. Albeit shaped in Beijing, Beijing Opera isn't the local brought into the world however a softening drama. In the Beijing Opera, singing has the specific tune that communicates the estimation of the sensational persona. Taiwan protects the work of art known as Guoju however it has spread to Japan and the United States. Beijing Opera is the substance of Chinese national show and has enormous impact in both China and abroad. As per Beijing Opera, acting is the exhibition of development and articulation while battling is the hand to hand fighting performed by moving. Simultaneously, Beijing Opera acknowledges the satisfying complex and creative congruity of the move and music, and craftsmanship structures. Beijing Opera has extremely severe job division that incorporates Sheng, Dan, Jing, and Chou. 'Sheng' acts the manly positive job, ‘Dan’ acts the female positive job, and ‘Jing’ acts the supporting job of greathearted manly, while 'Chou' goes about as an enthusiastic, diverting, sharp manly. Every sort of job likewise has distinctive face painting and dressing to show their personality. All the more fundamentally, the Beijing Opera identifies wit h the political and military battle and has an authentic topic. Beijing Opera genuinely speak to China culture since it keeps together the various components of history, folklore, writing and verse, singing, moving, acting, face painting, stage battling and trapeze artistry in Chinese culture2. In any case, during the second 50% of the twentieth century, Beijing saw a consistent decrease in crowd numbers because of an abatement in execution quality and a powerlessness of the customary show structure to catch present day life. Likewise, the creation prerequisites of the obsolete language, and the impact of Western culture isn't lovely to the improvement of Beijing Opera3. Considering Beijing Opera, execution is a workmanship theme that is predominant in this Chinese conventional theater. Beijing Opera exhibitions are famous for their energetic and perfect hued outfits. A Beijing Opera execution involves story, voice, music, development, outfits, and cosmetics and stage properties4. A ria is the music for the voice of Beijing Opera has a place with the Ban-Qiang. Tune music and discourse in a Beijing execution happen all the while with move developments of the entertainer. There are around three sorts of plays in Beijing Opera, which incorporate the customary play, the authentic play, and the cutting edge play. The distinctive Beijing execution ensembles are major in the Beijing Opera execution. The Beijing show ensembles were mostly made of fleece or coarse material and enhanced with different fastidiously weaved designs with extraordinary and one of a kind showmanship that draws a great deal of profound respect and love by the crowd. Face painting show in Beijing Opera exhibitions to show the character of the particular job and comprehension of the opera’s plot5. Beijing Opera facial canvas falls into four classes

Denied by MIT, Now A Goldwater Scholar

Denied by MIT, Now A Goldwater Scholar In May 2016, I wrote Denied by MIT, 5 Years Later, where I shared the story of a student we had denied in 2011, and how well he had done elsewhere. For me, this is one of the most important blog posts Ive ever written, because it demonstrates in fact what, in our decisions day posts, we always say to be true: Turning away so many kind, generous, super-smart students has been more than difficult: it has been truly painful. If you are among them, then all I can say is that MIT is just another place. If it is amazing, it is amazing not because of some occult magick embedded in the Great Dome, but because the people here make it so. If you spend the next few years trying to make wherever you are as amazing as you can (as you are), then someday youll look back on this Pi Day and realize it all worked out okay. In 2014, we denied another student, whom Ill call CT. I had met her at Maker Faire and corresponded before and during her application process. After we denied her, I emailed her to tell her that I was sorry for her disappointment but sure she would be a fantastic student at the university she planned to attend. She thanked me and said she hoped I was right. A few weeks ago, I got this: Hi Chris, I hope this email finds you well, even though its a little random. You emailed me 3+ years ago (12/13/14, actually, which is a cool date) about my MIT decision For a while, I really felt like a failure that I didnt get in, especially when so many of my friends ended up going. A particular quote of yours You have grit the single most important factor to succeed in college and life and you have it in spades really stuck with me, though. I think about it all the time, honestly; it was a really huge comfort at the time, and its one of the things that got me to continue applying to things and places I didnt think I was actually qualified to get into. Im emailing today of all days because something a little crazy happened, and I wanted to thank you again. I did end up attending [college], and today we were notified that I won the Goldwater Scholarship  [CP note: considered by many the most prestigious undergraduate scholarship given in the natural sciences, engineering and mathematics]. Thats not really a thing that happens hereI was told by a lot of people (very reasonably) told me that I wasnt going to get it, but I tried anyway in large part because of your advice and encouragement, which told me I was worth something and that it was worth trying for anyway. Its a really huge, surreal moment for me, and that quote was the first thing to pop into my mind after my jaw recovered from hitting the floor. I think Im starting to believe you; thank you for that. Im so happy, and proud, and utterly unsurprised to hear that CT is doing well. I know there are more students out there like her, too. If you are one of those students someone we denied years ago, who went elsewhere and made it your own, and who for some reason is still reading this I would love to hear from you, via email or in a comment below. I am hoping that others, particularly those who were turned away this or future Pi Days, will find comfort and encouragement in these stories of students like these. edit: A few days later, I got this email from AW: I saw your blog post: Denied by MIT, Now a Goldwater Scholar, and jumped a bit because thats me as well! When I applied back in high school, I didnt know why I wanted to go to MIT nor what I wanted in life. I just did because my parents told me I had to Ive spent the past four years at [state university] which have been nothing short of transformative. Ive taken the time to indulge my unbounded geekiness, seek out and pursue cosmic purposes, and also just goof off. My portfolio of activities arent necessarily coherent, many dont help at all with grad school/jobs, and Ive been advised many times to focus more. Thankfully, I havent paid much attention to that last bit of advice. In terms of metrics of success, Ive won the Goldwater, the NSF, published a journal article, finalist for Stanfords Knight Hennessey, done a few internships with NASA yadayada. But I think my most important success has been developing my philosophy of life. These awards are nice, but Ive found they arent all that important to me anymore. I felt so much more happiness when I understood the proof of Christofedes Heuristic than when I won the NSF. Ill be heading off to MIT this coming fall for grad school in AeroAstro. Looking forward to joining The Institute. Cheers,

Half the Sky Research Paper - 550 Words

Half the Sky (Research Paper Sample) Content: Reaction Paper to Literary Work: Half the SkyName:Institution: Reaction Paper to Literary Work: Half the Sky Women undergo several problems globally, mostly due to their gender. In the chapter one of the book Half the Sky, the main subject involves a Cambodian girl who with her friends were taken by some gangsters to Thailand and forced to work in a brothel. They were underage, and though forced to work without pay. This instance reflects greatly on the problems women face globally. The girls were forced to have sex with many men who mistreated them. In these situations, they were in the risk of contracting many venereal diseases, which is one of the health risks that women face around the globe today (Kristof WuDunn, 2010). Violence is also compounded in this chapter. The girls are being treated as sex slaves, which is violent in nature. The fact that they are not paid or allowed outside makes them slaves. They were taken from Thailand to Malaysia implies human tr afficking. Therefore, in this chapter we see the global problems include mistreatment, being sold into slavery, violence, and rape. These problems may be mostly exclusive to women since similar cases involving men are very rare, though not unheard of. The health risks involved are mostly venereal diseases, which includes HIV/AIDS, which is incurable. As seen in this chapter, the girls face the problems mainly due to their local affiliation. This shows the global disparities in the global health of women. It seems that women health is not the same around the world due to several factors. First, Rath, was Cambodian, and she left her home country to look for a job. This shows that the lack of funds was the main factor that caused her to move. This shows that women in poorer countries find health care difficult to get since the funds to achieve proper health care are scarce. The presence of underage sex slaves in a country shows that the government in that country does not do enough to protect the women in that country while in other countries such activities are nonexistent due to strict governments. Several steps are taken globally to improve womens health globally. The World Health Organization is mostly involved in taking care of this issue by providing support and financial assistance to poor countries to promote health care for women in those countries. Governments around the world also contribute by coming up with projects to support women empowerment that help to counter gender-based violence. Promoting free maternal health for women has also helped improve womens health. The governments also include a measure to help promote reduced fees for healthcare for some of the ailments facing women. Free breast and cervical screening is one of the many services that governments offer in order to promote women health globally. The empowerment projects also feature HIV positive women self-help groups, set up by...

Examples Of Hero In The Outsiders - 995 Words

Batman, Spider-Man, Superman: we associate each of these characters as an idealistic hero. Growing up, a hero meant someone who had enough courage to fight off the enemy. We imagine our heroes in a cape or costume out saving the lives of many. An ideal hero would receive achievements for his or her efforts, but those heroes do not compare to the â€Å"American Hero†. In early European literature, a hero was one who ventured on a journey with hopes to return home a hero. Although similar, an American Hero is different from a European Hero for the values and way of life differed from Europe to the United States. To be a uniquely American Hero, one must not expect praise as a result of their selfless journey away from civilization throughout†¦show more content†¦Hawkeye is an American Hero since he does not anticipate admiration for finding himself through his exertion in nature. American Heros have a unique way of functioning in society. A wide variety of examples allude to the American Hero. American Heroes isolate themselves in nature. An example of this is Rip Van Winkle in the short story, Rip Van Winkle, when he goes for a walk into the woods to escape his wife. Rip is not happy in his current situation, so he takes it upon himself to abort and solve his problems through nature. Like Ponyboy Curtis, Rip endeavours an adventure as remotely far away from civilization. Since Rip undergoes a journey throughout nature without the existence of society, he is an American Hero. In The Last American Man, a man by the name of Eustace Conway believes humans belong in nature. When Conway was 12 he began to isolate himself in the woods alone, living off the land. At 17, he moved out of his family home and lived in a teepee out in the woods, surviving solely off the land and his own wilderness survival abilities. Eustace took it upon himself to strive through life without the help of others. He did not expect help from anyone nor did he expect praise for his immense accomplishments throughout his life in the woods. Another example of an American Hero is John Reid in, The Lone Ranger. Reid gains aShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Heroes In The Outsides And The Outsiders747 Words   |  3 Pagesquote means that someone does not need to be a superhero and have special powers to be a hero. Heroes are people who do amazing things with what traits they possess. Heroes are extremely common in books, movies, and comics. In todays society, heroes could be anyone from doctors to soldiers. Clearly, in the book â€Å"The Outsiders† by S.E. Hinton, Darry Curtis and Dallas Winston both can be considered heroes. A hero is someone who will selflessly help others. Heroes make the world and community moreRead MoreAre Heroes Born or Made?1263 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer. Ralph Waldo Emerson quotes †What is a hero? Is a hero someone who flies around wearing a red cape and blue tights? Is a hero someone in comic books who always fights the bad guys? Or is a hero an ordinary person who just does what they can to help others. Well in my opinion a hero is anyone who can show courage when faced with a problem. A hero is a person who is able to help another in various ways. A person canRead MoreKahron Fyffe. . World Literature . . Dr. Fiore. . 28 April1036 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Dr. Fiore 28 April 2017 Othello: Hero or Stranger Othello is a hero due to being a hardened and vicious warrior on the battlefield but he is also a tragic hero in this play. A tragic hero by definition is a literary character who makes a judgment error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction. For example Othello is the husband of Desdemona whom he murders because he has been misled by the villainous Iago.Read MoreThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Portrayal of Blindness in The Outsider and Oedipus the King A primitive motif in Oedipus the King by Sophocles and The Outsider by Albert Camus is blindness. The protagonists in the novels are blinded to a personal truth, and are physically blinded as well. In The Outsider, Meursault’s blindness is metaphorical, as he is negligent to his own absurdity, which he later becomes categorized as. On the other hand, Oedipus’s blindness is literal, as he is ignorant to the truth of his life;Read MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 Pagesmasterfully crafted Othello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The power of pity and fear createsRead MoreTruman Capote and Rachel Armstrong: Analysis of Critical Movie Characters1171 Words   |  5 Pagesand Rachel Armstrong Critical Movie Character Analysis How the characters are positioned as Outsiders, in their lives and in the films (i.e. how do they behave as outsiders in their on-screen world, amongst friends, family, colleagues, etc., and how does the film emphasize that outsider position). The two characters, Truman Capote and Rachel Armstrong, are definitely to be considered outsiders. They both live outside the realm of what could be considered a normal life by most people. VariousRead MoreExamples Of Greasers In The Outsiders812 Words   |  4 Pages In the Outsiders, written by S.E Hinton one of the main characters is Ponyboy. He is stereotyped as a greaser (a poor boy from the east side of town). Ponyboy accepts being a greaser and it affects him positively. Some people might stereotype Ponyboy as a hero and not a greaser. Ponyboy is a greaser, this is because he fits the characteristics of a greaser. For example, all the greasers have long greasy hair, pony has that. â€Å"Besides I look better with long greasy hair.† (2). This quote meansRead MoreExamples Of John The Savage As A Hero729 Words   |  3 PagesSpider-man are all examples of heroes. A hero is a person that exhibits the traits of courageousness, braveness, and selflessness. In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, John the Savage is a hero. He is an outsider raised on a reservation. He comes into play later into the book that turns out to be the son of the director of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. John becomes a hero throughout the book, but his life ends tragically. John the Savage is most noted as a hero in Brave NewRead MoreSimilarities Between Johnny And Dally929 Words   |  4 Pageslike peanut butter and jelly, they are great by themselves, but even better together. If every person had a frien d just like them, life would be boring. A friend that is somewhat similar, but also somewhat different is just right. In the novel, The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, Johnny and Dally share many similarities and differences. Both Johnny and Dally are similar in the way that they both have a terrible home life. Johnny and Ponyboy are resting in the park when they accidentally fall asleep. JohnnyRead MoreThe Weaknesses Of Othello By William Shakespeare933 Words   |  4 PagesThe Weaknesses of Othello Throughout the beginning of Shakespeare s play, Othello, the protagonist, Othello himself, is portrayed as a powerful and courageous man. The audience is led to believe that he is a sympathetic character and a brave war hero. As the story progresses, this view seems to shift. Iago begins to play with Othello’s emotions and Othello starts to make rash decisions. In his Othello’s final great speech, he exposes his thoughts on the situation as well as his selfish motives

Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Essay - 1419 Words

Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Ageism 2. Social isolation 3. Retirement Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a form of discrimination. Ageism is being prejudice against someone because of their age. Normally you will see this form of discrimination against the elderly, but this can happen to anyone at any age. You will normally see this type of discrimination in the work place. You will find that it is harder for on older person to find a job, because†¦show more content†¦Part II Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities? The Americans with Disabilities Act provides civil rights to those who are disabled. The ADA guarantees equal opportunity to those individuals who are disabled in the work force and with the state and local government. The ADA will ensure that people with disabilities are not discriminated against when it comes to hiring, firing and advancements. The employer must provide certain accommodations for those with disabilities, but only if it does not cause them undue hardship. †¢ How have people with disabilities been treated in the past? People with disabilities have not been treated fairly in the past. I believe that that those with disabilities have been treated worse than the elderly. They were not allowed to go to school with the normal kids; they were not allowed to work at most jobs. They were teased and made fun of, sometimes there were rejected by their own families. When they were in the mental hospitals they were treated very harsh, they sometimes had to go through shock therapy. Even though they are different types of disabilities, if was something that was noticeable you were treated different, as if you did not belong. †¢ How has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time? There have been a lot of changes over time when it came toShow MoreRelatedAging and Disability Worksheet1334 Words   |  6 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Loss of loved ones 2. Mobility 3. Discrimination due to age Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice against a group who is of old age and discriminated against solely based on theirRead MoreEssay Aging and Disability Worksheet1522 Words   |  7 PagesAging and Disability Worksheet Part 1 Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population 1. Health 2. Job security 3. Lack of respect from the younger youth 1. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is a negative bias against a person or group of people on the grounds of age. Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping against individuals or groups because of their age. It is usually focused on two targets: young adults and olderRead MoreDiversity Worksheet1946 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Appendix I Aging and Disability Worksheet University of Phoenix ETH/125 Rob Fralick February 23, 2014 Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1 Health 2 Income 3 Lonliness Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice and discriminationRead MoreEssay on Eth125 R8 Disability Diversity1763 Words   |  8 PagesAssociate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Lack of security for the future (social security dwindling) 2. Unable to afford being able to retire 3. Being alone Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢ What is ageism? How does ageism influence the presence of diversity in society? Ageism is prejudice or discriminationRead MoreAging and Disability Worksheet1910 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Associate Program Material Aging and Disability Worksheet Part I Identify 2 or 3 issues faced by the aging population. 1. Health Issues 2. Income and Economic Welfare 3. Neglect and Abuse Answer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use. What is ageism? 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Once they decide to return to school, adult students must be empowered to persist and complete their programs. Program completion depends, i n part, on instructional support for adult students. Specifically, adult student persistence is effectively influenced by four pillars of support: (a) the extent to which students are able to manage positive and negative forces, (b) support from a schoolRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagestechnology or health care. The increase in the technology jobs is due to the rapid increase in the use of information technology, such as databases, system design and analysis, and desktop publishing. The health care jobs are growing as a result of the aging of the U.S. population and workforce, a factor discussed later. Chapter 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management 5 FIGURE 1—1 The 10 Occupations with the Fastest Employment Growth, 1996—2006 Numbers in Thousands of Jobs Occupation DatabaseRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesbetter study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience.  » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S  » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need to get started www.wileyplus.com/firstday StudentRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesImages Cover Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville Compositor: Newgen–India Printer: Courier Corporation/Kendallville  © 2008, 2005 Duxbury, an imprint of Thomson Brooks/Cole, a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star logo, and Brooks/Cole are trademarks used herein under license. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web

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Project Management Assignment - 4998 Words

ProjectMinds’ Quick Guide to Project Management By Manjeet Singh msingh@projectminds.com A different kind of copyright No rights reserved. All the parts of this book can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise. You do not need the prior written permission or authorization of the author. Disclaimer The author of this book specifically disclaims all responsibility for any liability, loss or risk to any person or entity arising from the use of information contained in this book or its Word file. V1.3†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â€" ª Does not overrun its end date. ââ€" ª Remains within budget (cost of resources). Note however, that outcome, time and budget are interrelated, and during a project you may need to do trade-offs between them. For example, if you want to get something done more quickly, you may have to pump in more money into your project for additional resources. Why are organizations using project management? Today’s highly competitive business environment forces organizations to make high-quality products at a lower cost and in a shorter duration. Organizations therefore are increasingly using project management because it allows you to plan and organize resources to achieve a specified outcome within a given timeframe. The techniques of project management also help you manage and anticipate risks in a structured manner. Surveys of organizations using project management have shown that project management allows for better utilization of resources, shorter development times, reduced costs, interdepartmental cooperation that builds synergies across the organization, and a better focus on results and quality. Chapter 2: The project lifecycle A project lifecycle typically has the following processes as defined by the Project Management Institute (PMI): [pic] This book assumes that your project has already been selected, and that a Project Charter has been produced. A Project Charter is generally a document that provides a shortShow MoreRelatedProject Management Assignment13761 Words   |  56 PagesAssignment 2 ------------------------------------------------- 157.246: Project Management and Systems Implementation PURPOSE 1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT 1 INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT PROJECT 2 FORMAT OF THIS ASSIGNMENT 3 USING MICROSOFT PROJECT IN PC COMPUTER LABORATORY 3 File SAVE and BACKUP requirements 3 Starting Microsoft Project 4 THE PALMERS GOLF COURSE PROJECT 4 Project background 4 Setting the Project Start Date 4 Setting default values 5 ï  ¶ Set Current Date 5 ï  ¶ SetRead MoreProject Management Assignment3060 Words   |  13 Pages 3. Business Case. 4. Technical Plan. 5. Project Management Method. 6. Strategic Project Management Techniques. 7. Quality Control. 8. Project Monitoring and Controlling. 9. Risk Management. 10. Project Costing and Budgeting. 11. Project Closure. 12. References. Company Profile Tamp;T Co. is a Cochin-based private construction and Architecture Company, established in 1995 mainly undertaking projects concerning building and bridge constructions. The companyRead MoreCase Assignment : Project Management1147 Words   |  5 PagesCase Assignment: Project Management Summary A Project Manager is necessary for implementing and carrying out a project without delays. The basic requirements for a project, according to the reading titled â€Å"What is Project Management?† (PMI, Inc. 2017) are: Initiating - goal and objective, as well as identify the stakeholders and obtaining an approval of the project; Planning – scope of work, training, documentation, summary, risk and assessment, cost, etc. This is also where we draw on 10 â€Å"projectRead MoreSoftware Project Management Assignment1754 Words   |  8 PagesSchool of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science SEG 4105: Software Project Management, Fall 2013 Project: Mobile Banking Application The goal of this project is to gain real-life practice of project management. In the real world, risks are rampant, project definition boundaries are fluid, and hard work is required to get on top of things. The same holds true for this SEG 4105 project. The Case In order to keep up with its competitors such as Royal Bank of Canada or CIBC, The Canadian Read MoreWeek 5 Assignment (Project Management)978 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Project Management (Week 5: Assignment) Introduction The project manager of a construction company has developed the following network diagram for her building construction project. After receiving the plans, the manager must coordinate a number of tasks. Key areas she want to focus on, is time and risk. â€Å"Planning is responsible for project Time Management. The Plan process selects a scheduling methodology, tool, sets the format and establishes criteria for developing and controllingRead MoreProject Management and Task Assignment Reporting1000 Words   |  4 PagesRock’n Bands[1] A Project Management Decision-Making Game â€Å"Around the world or around the block, Everywhere I go, the kids wanna rock†[2] Your company, Planners R Us, specializes in effectively managing projects. Previous experience has involved conference management systems, commercial construction, and software development projects. A new, intriguing project offers another opportunity to apply your project management expertise. The university you just graduated from wishes toRead MoreProject Management Sample Assignment4110 Words   |  17 PagesAssociation for Project Management (APM) suggests that the project business case provides justification for undertaking a project by evaluating benefit, cost and alternative options. The main purpose is to obtain approval and commitment for investment in the project (Association for Project Management 2006, p.129 and MGT8022, USQ 2013). According to Project Management Institute (PMBOK, PMI 2013), the business case describes information from a business standpoint to determine whether or not the project is worthRead MoreProject Management Written Assignment 1 Essay examples803 Words   |  4 Pages2012-02-MAN-435-OL009: Project Management Written Assignment 1 1. Discuss the principal reasons why project management has become such a popular business tool in recent years. Business has changed in the past 20 or so years. Products are being produced more rapidly and with the introduction of globalization competition has become more abundant. There is a need to become more customer focused but at the same time quicker to market while still reducing cost. Doing business the old way isRead MoreSystems Analysis Design And Project Management Individual Assignment1371 Words   |  6 Pages Systems analysis design and project management Individual Assignment Raad Alteimeh University of North Alabama CIS 625-I03 Enterprise Systems Analysis Design Professor David Nickels System analysis and design Information system analysis and design is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems (Valacich, J. S., George, J. F. (2017). It is a process thatRead MoreMmis 621 Assignment 4 Information Systems Project Management Plan Erp System Implementation Mmis 621: Information Systems Project Management1189 Words   |  5 PagesMMIS 621 Assignment 4 Information Systems Project Management Plan ERP system implementation MMIS 621: Information Systems Project Management Fall 2015 Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/mmis-621-assignment-4-information-systems-project-management-plan-erp-system-implementation/ Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to give you an opportunity to apply and demonstrate your understanding of the tools and principles covered in the class to a project of your choice.

Comparing Floods Free Essays

Compare Floods in LEDC and MEDC I am going to discuss two case studies regarding floods. One of my case studies is of Cocker mouth, this is a town in England exposed to floods this is my case study of an MEDC. My other case study is the LEDC in which I talk about Bangladesh. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing Floods or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cocker mouth is situated in the Lake District in England. England is an MEDC and this area experienced vast ranges of flooding during late November. The town lies among the confluence of two rivers that leave it prone to flooding. The two rivers are the Derwent and Cocker. 320mm of rainfall fell in under 24 hours and this was a predicted fall which took the town by surprise. The River Cocker burst its banks after a 2. 5 metre rise in the river water level; this was a major contribution to the flooding as well as the poor preparation of the towns flood defences. Bangladesh is an LEDC bordering the Indian Ocean and it lies at the forefront of the Ganges Delta. The country is low – lying and most of its land is 12m below sea level. Floods here have recently become stronger. During the arrival of Cyclone Aila flood waters burst the delta causing storm surges of 10 metres! The floods in both Carlisle and Bangladesh caused a lot of problems for both areas. However in contrast, the MEDC (Carlisle) suffered less from the consequences, whereas, the LEDC (Bangladesh) was affected much worse. Heavy rainfall of 200mm fell over Carlisle in a 36 hour period. The constant rainfall increased runoff because soil became saturated, this runoff ended up flowing into the river Eden. Because Carlisle is a largely urban area, concrete ground made from impermeable materials meant that surface runoff increased. There was a lot of discharge from the River Eden which reached 1520 cumecs. In contrast the Bangladeshi volume of precipitation was much higher so the floods were much worse. Very heavy rainfall amounting to 900mm fell over the month of July. Soils all over Bangladesh became saturated, this increased runoff into rivers such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra. Snow melted from glaciers in the Himalayas this also increased discharge into rivers. The highest discharge for both of the biggest rivers in the area peaked at the same time, downstream discharge increased hugely. In Carlisle there was less social impact, 3 people died which is minimal compared to the 2000 deaths in Bangladesh. This is a very large amount of people and losing that many people creates a big social impact. 3000 people were made homeless in Carlisle, this is a very large amount of people, they were temporarily re – sheltered and have been re – homed since. In Bangladesh 25 million people were made homeless, many still haven’t been re – homed even in 2012. schools were flooded in the area but for people living in an MEDC there is likely to be more resources of learning available to them e. g. internet and more education centres in other parts of the country. 44 education institutions were destroyed in Bangladesh, this being a large amount means it is much harder to find other resources for educational purpose, and many people would have to go without it as it is not economically viable for poorer people in LEDCs to move into different parts of the country. 50 businesses were shut down and must have been relocated and 70,000 houses lost power, there was minimal infrastructural damage therefore repairs to the Carlisle area would not have been too expensive compared to the large scale damage in Bangladesh, factories had to shut down so large scale business went down bringing economy to a halt, 112,000 houses were completely destroyed and whole rivers in that area were polluted. The main social effect in Carlisle was the loss of homes and education centres, in Bangladesh it was the loss of homes, education centres and widespread of water borne disease. The main economic problem in Carlisle was that the shops and local businesses on the area had to shut down as they had to evacuate, in Bangladesh many areas would have become redundant with major business corporations such as TNCs having to be shut down as many factories were destroyed. The main environmental problem in Carlisle was that the sewage overflowed therefore the streets would have been effected and the surrounding area also, in Bangladesh the Rivers became poisoned by sewage and majority of water supplies in the area became undrinkable. In conclusion Carlisle in an MEDC had a less severe flood and because of its more affluent built up area people were affected in less of a tragic manner. Bangladesh LEDC was affected more and the and the outcome was more disastrous. In conclusion, it is apparent that both the MEDC and the LEDC experienced a variety of impacts producing a multiple chain of cost however impact severity was clearly more drastic in the case Bangladesh as it is an LEDC and its emergency plans and general infrastructure is less developed compared to England (MEDC). How to cite Comparing Floods, Essay examples

Evaluating and Implementing Risk Management †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Evaluating and Implementing Risk Management. Answer: Introduction: The Rhyme Reason Music festival is one of its kind and for all the ages. Its a not for profit music festival which has the sole purpose of raising funds for the musicians and some of its causes the stakeholders are supporting. Its an absolutely gala affair spread across the city of Melbourne and Melbourne exhibition centre. The venue has a total capacity of 10,000 odd individuals and the entire venue is divided into 6 parts including the main stage, food stalls, infusion stage, park the market. In the essay we will focus on assessing the risk associated with organising of such extravagant events. Risk Management: It can be understood as forecasting and evaluation of risks attached before commencement of any business activity/event/ start of an operation (Haimes, 2015). As part of a great event planning, process hazards have to be identified and risks have to be assessed and controlled in order to minimize the potential for injury or harm (Rausand ,2013) For the purpose of the Musical event Rhyme Reason some of the possible risk assessment factors can be: Crowd rush: As mentioned above, the Melbourne exhibition centre has a total capacity of 10,000 PAX which is the max, but looking at the type of event, and the artist associated and the promotions, marketing sponsorships the event has gotten itself into, there is bound to be more crowd gathering than the expected. Hence, necessary steps have to be taken to control the crowd, the same can be achieved by: Locking the venue 2 hour after the event commences, putting necessary barricades to control the crowd, getting security personal to manage the crowd and also to prevent any chances of stampede. Fire: The festival will have a lot of electrical equipment, hence necessary safety has to be taken care of, and getting a fire brigade outside the venue with a separate exit would help in the risk mitigation. Technical failure: It is no surprise that, electrical equipment do have chances of power failure or some other technical failure, hence genets and plan B should be kept ready for such situations, also , a day prior a full-fledged dry run would be of great help. Financial Risk: Planning of such big events have a major costs attached to them ,in order to foresee the expenses not going out of hand or the budget allocated to exceed, a separate team has to be made to control only the finance and raise the alarm to the committee, in case the expenses is crossing the line(Hopkin, 2017) Medical assistance: A medical ambulance to be parked at the entrance of venue, to take care of any medical emergency. Equipment Truss safety: The truss, which holds all the heavy equipment, in itself is very heavy, hence an in ground basement team is a must and should to establish the sturdiness of the truss and other heavy equipments which are hanging(Li, 2014) Wiring insulation: Special efforts have to be made to take care of proper insulation of wiring in order to prevent from any damage to an individual. Conclusion: A well layered structures plan of the event can help in assessment of the probable risk associated with the event. All the points mentioned above have covered all of the possible grounds where the risk of things going out of the place is present, keeping in mind, the above mentioned points can reduce the chances of risk to almost zero. References: Haimes, Y.Y 2015, Risk modeling, assessment, and management, John Wiley Sons. Hopkin, P 2017, Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management, Kogan Page Publishers. Li, W 2014, Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications, John Wiley Sons. Rausand, M 2013, Risk assessment: theory, methods, and applications (Vol. 115), John Wiley Sons.

Leadership Management and Social Responsibility Values

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Management and Social Responsibility Values. Answer: Introduction Change Management is an integral part of the organisational functionalities. Usually, change management procedures are undertaken when the company requires earning profitability or strengthening the competitive position more precisely. Change management is considered as the techniques and tools that have been undertaken by the company in order to accomplish the goals (Cameron Green, 2015). The accelerated changes are effective enough in bringing the organisational excellence. Especially, it has been noted that the companies usually undertake such change management procedure in order to achieve success (Hatch Cunliffe 2013). The study will be focusing on the case scenario of Yellow Auto Company, which is one of the renowned brands of Renault. The case study is concerning several internal issues that have been faced by the associated employees. Recognising the underlying issues, the discussion will be focusing on the implemented change management procedure. Summarisation of the Case Scenario In the year of 1989, Yellow Auto Company was established by two brothers, Can Sale and Caner Sale. At the initial stage, the company was only a family owned business, which grew up to be a renowned brand of a famous automobile company Renaults. Previously, the company owned two stores for the automobile cars. One store was in Cambidi and another one was in (Gaziemir Katrinli et al. 2012). The major aim of the company was to sell the cars of famous brands to the customers of different areas. However, while determining such goals, the concentration of the company was to identify the high market demands (Hornstein, 2015). However, in keeping pace with the organisational growth, it has been noticed that the company has been re-structuring the internal management scenario. It has been notified that the management related issues have become much prominent in a very specific way. At the initial stage, the first and foremost problem has been found due to the lack of proper cooperativeness and communications. The management faced several prominent issues in managing and controlling associated staffs, as there is the lack of proper documented records. It was quite difficult for the company to follow up the activities of the employees, which led them towards facing severe problem in controlling process. Another problem that the company faced was due to the lack of proper behaviour of the staffs with the customers (Hayes, 2014). It was noticed that many of the staffs were not much efficient and educationally certified to hold the position of marketing executives. Hence, it was seen that the efficiencies of the existing sales executives were not effective enough to attract many customers. Hence, it became one of the major priorities of the company to find a proper solution regarding such issue (Fan Zhang, 2013). On the other hand, it was noted that the leadership style existed in the company was not much effective enough to motivate the employees. The employees think that they can work in a better way if they will be able to work with Can Sale instead of Asli Sale. Another most significant issue was concerning the after sale services. It was noticed that the spare parts of the automobile products after sales are much unhygienic for the workers. The lack of facilities and conflicts among the internal associates are also considered as the major problem for the company (Leach, 2014). Identifying such issues, it is noted that the company decided to undertake several changes in their internal functionalities. The first initiative towards change management process was undertaken in the year of 2001. It is important to mention that the company determined a particular goal of achieving almost 50% share in the region. However, due to the recognition of the potential issues, the company started undertaking several radical changes (Chemuturi, 2013). It was necessary to undertake several changes, which can address the underlying issues more specifically. The company started working with several efficient academicians who have the well sorted knowledge rega rding the management functionalities (Ali Lai, 2016). The recognition of the owners demands is essential in such cases. Seeking knowledge regarding the solution of the identified issues within the company became the top priority of the company. However, while implementing such changes, it was even necessary to identify the underlying strengths and weaknesses as well. Accordingly, the company started working on their leadership management activities to enhance the job satisfaction parameter of the employees. Related theory of Change Management The issues recognised in the internal management process of Yellow Auto Company needed to be addressed before the changes take place. In such regards, it is necessary to keep the concentration on the proper theoretical perspective of change management process. Kurt Lewin established a three staged model of change management that is helpful enough in understanding the basic concept of the process. The three stages are Unfreeze, Transition, and Freeze. The description of these stages is presented below: Unfreeze: The unfreeze stage is the initial step of the model that is considered as the most important stage to understand the current scenario. This particular stage ensures the reason for changing and the start-up methods towards change (Du et al. 2013). Yellow Auto Company could recognise the potential issues associated with the internal management functionalities. It is noted that the lack of proper professionalism and knowledge of undertaking the organisational functionalities are the major reasons for ensuring changes. Therefore, the company decided to take the help from the efficient academician to organise the internal activities in a structured method. Therefore, the initial stage of such changes is to consult the academician for resolving the internal issues related to the identified problem. Change and Transition: According to Kurt Lewin, the changes are not considered as the event; rather a transition procedure. The transition process is indicating the movement of the reaction that leads towards changes. The company involved several academicians from Izmir University of Economics. These academicians started working as the business consultants to provide the relevant advices regarding the management functionalities. However, while implementing such changes, the company even needed to consider several determinants as well. Freezing: The final step of Lewins three stage model is freezing, which is sometimes termed as refreezing (Burke, 2013). This particular stage determines the stage of establishing the changes that have been decided to be undertaken. Yellow Auto Company started concentrating on the consultation process with the efficient academicians. The implementation of such process was fruitful enough to derive the proper knowledge about the internal management functionalities based sales, marketing, and financial structure. However, it is important to mention that this stage of Change Model, the high level of flexibility is necessary. In order to maintain such flexibility, the company even faced several potential conflicts. The further section of the study will thus be defining the underlying strengths and weaknesses associated with such changing scenario. Identified Strengths and Weaknesses The changes have been applied in order to resolve the underlying management issues. However, in considering the changes, it is noted that the company faced both the benefits and issues. The major strengths and issues of undertaking such change management procedure are described further: Strengths: The Company will be much benefitted if the efficient consultants provide the insightful ideas regarding the management functionalities. The management will be able to understand the proper professionalism and required activities to manage the associated staffs. Another most recognisable strength is that the efficient management procedure would generate job satisfaction among the employees. Hence, eventually, the company will be able to build the reputation in the automobile market in Izmir. Weaknesses: Undertaking the efficient change management process created several issues due to the internal conflicting scenario. One of the most recognisable weaknesses was the occurrence of confusions about the responsibilities and authorities of the allocated teams. When the change took place, it became unclear about the division of the responsibilities. Another most specified weakness was the emergence of the departmental conflicts. The lack of proper documentation about the employee information was much problematic for the management (Groves, 2014). Hence, it is essential to pay the attention towards such identified issues. Due to such conflicts, the communicational transparency was affected more significantly. Job Satisfaction and Leadership Style in Change Management Scenario In order to derive the particular knowledge about the job satisfaction parameter, it was essential to receive the feedbacks from the existing employees. Therefore, the company conducted a systematic survey where the employees were asked four major questions about the description of the allocated jobs. The first question was about the list of tasks that they need to do. The second question was about the tasks that were done by others. The third questions specified the determination of performing the allocated tasks. Lastly, the final question signified the assurance of proper authority to complete the tasks. However, the responses derived from the employees clearly pointed out that there were high disagreements of performing the allocated tasks. Many of the redundant tasks were present due to which the employees were dissatisfied (Morgeson et al. 2013). However, it is also noted that the employees did not receive enough motivation since there were lack of proper facilities for the emp loyees. The leadership style of Can Sale was autocratic, which eliminated them from ensuring their authority on performing any proper tasks. In fact, the lack of proper understanding and communicational transparency, the employees even could not able to raise their concerns to the management. If the company would undertake the participative leadership style, the employees will be able to provide their concerns and suggestions. It generates the sense of existence among the employees. Once the employees feel that their suggestions or participations have been fruitful for the organisation, it increases the sense of reliability. Moreover, it helps in motivating the employees. In Addition to this, the consultation with the academicians will provide the insightful ideas about proper professionalisms. Eventually, it will create impact on employees minds and the attitudes of the employees will evolve accordingly. Relevant Management Activities to be undertaken The survey report specified that the change management scenario was not so much efficient to bring the job satisfaction among the associated employees (Deveau McGill, 2014). Therefore, it is necessary for the company to undertake the proper management activities that can create the significant impact on their performance parameters. Recognising such needs, it can be inferred that the implementation of proper leadership style would be much preferable. In the previous time, the company used to follow the autocratic leadership style, which dominated the will power of the company (Johnston Marshall, 2016). However, if the company can undertake the participative leadership style, it will be effective enough to encourage the team spirit as they can participate in making any relevant organisational decision. Hence, it is necessary to establish the communication transparency, which helps the employees to raise their concerns. Moreover, the management requires keeping a proper documentation of the different functionalities and information of the associated staffs. The review and monitoring the documents would be preferable to structure the internal activities as per requirements. Project Management Methodology The undertaken activities needed to be structured with proper project management methodologies. Walden et al. (2015) indicated that the project management methodologies depends on the identified scenario associated with internal management functionalities. Identifying the associated issues in this case scenario, it can be inferred that the company requires undertaking the Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) methodology. This methodology is helpful enough in improving the management functionalities by enhancing the understanding level. The company requires a new set up for restoring the documents and other necessary information. Accordingly, this particular project management methodology helps in starting development from the management level. Hence, such methodology would be applicable for adopting the change management process in Yellow Auto Company. Conclusion The case study follows up the internal management scenario of Yellow Auto Company, which is a famous brand of Renault. The identified issues indicated that the associated employees faced the lack of communication and motivation while working under the management. Therefore, the company decided to implement the change management procedure by consulting with efficient academicians. However, there were several issues still remained due to the ineffective leadership style. Recognising such requirements, the company needs to undertake the participative leadership style to motivate the employees and bring the performance efficiency in a changed scenario. References Ali, N., Lai, R. (2016). A method of requirements change management for global software development.Information and Software Technology,70, 49-67. Burke, W. W. (2013).Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, E., Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Chemuturi, M. (2013). Requirements Change Management. InRequirements Engineering and Management for Software Development Projects(pp. 117-127). Springer New York. Deveau, R., McGill, P. (2014). Leadership at the front line: Impact of practice leadership management style on staff experience in services for people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour.Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability,39(1), 65-72. Du, S., Swaen, V., Lindgreen, A., Sen, S. (2013). The roles of leadership styles in corporate social responsibility.Journal of business ethics,114(1), 155-169. Fan, G., Zhang, D. (2013). Research on the project design change management of general construction contractors. InICCREM 2013: Construction and Operation in the Context of Sustainability(pp. 466-474). ASCE. Groves, K. S. (2014). Examining leaderfollower congruence of social responsibility values in transformational leadership.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(3), 227-243. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Johnston, M. W., Marshall, G. W. (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. Katrinli, A., Atabay, G., Gunay, G. Cangarli, B.G. (2012). The change story of Yellow Auto Company. In D. L. Anderson (ed.), Cases and exercises in organization development and change (pp. 266-272). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Morgeson, F. P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D. A., Siegel, D. S. (2013). Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), 805-824. Walden, S. E., Foor, C. E., Pan, R., Shehab, R. L., Trytten, D. A. (2015). Leadership, management, and diversity: missed opportunities within student design competition teams. In2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. Zhu, Y., Sun, L. Y., Leung, A. S. (2014). Corporate social responsibility, firm reputation, and firm performance: The role of ethical leadership.Asia Pacific Journal of Management,31(4), 925-947.

Walden And The Art Of Zen Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper If I were asked who my favorite Western Zen philosopher was, without any vacillation, I would declare it to be Henry David Thoreau. Although he knew in interlingual rendition the spiritual Hagiographas of the Hindus, it may be improbable that Henry David Thoreau of all time studied the instructions of the Zen Masters. Even so, the penetration within his ain personal Hagiographas would irrefutably do him maestro of his ain temple. The wisdom found within Thoreau # 8217 ; s Walden can be clarified through Zen Buddhist beliefs and thoughts as the two seem to typically congratulate each other. Where, you might inquire, does faith suit into the going escapades of Henry David Thoreau? Religion has been a portion of the literary tradition from the really start. Some of the first books of all time produced were handwritten transcripts of the Bible. Booklets, verse forms, odes, and heroic poems throughout the centuries have continued to reflect spiritual content. I have besides read insightful essays about the concealed Christian Symbolism in A. A. Milne # 8217 ; s Winnie-the-Pooh. Well, why non the presence of Zen Buddhism within the instructions of Thoreau # 8217 ; s Walden? In conformity with the history of literature, one might state # 8220 ; Why non? # 8221 ; ; in conformity with Walden # 8217 ; s content, I would state, # 8220 ; I couldn # 8217 ; t see it being any other way. # 8221 ; What is Zen Buddhism anyhow? In the book Zen Buddhism, D.T. Suzuki says that # 8220 ; Zen in its kernel is the art of seeing into the nature of one # 8217 ; s ain being, and it points the manner from bondage into freedom # 8221 ; ( 3 ) . In the theory of Zen, our organic structures contain a religious signifier of energy. When this energy is consciously tapped, we will be cognizant of all the implicit in urges and desires of our bosom. This # 8220 ; freedom # 8221 ; will do us to see Kensho, ( seeing into one # 8217 ; s ain nature ) , therefore going happier and more loving to those around us. To make the Buddhist end of going one with everything, a individual has to embracing # 8220 ; nil # 8221 ; . What is meant in the embrace of # 8220 ; nil # 8221 ; is that one must abandon his or her ain self-importance and research beyond the bounds of societal conformance. The job that lies in the manner of making this # 8220 ; energy # 8221 ; is that most people have suppressed it due to personal and society driven ignorance. When this barrier is overcome, we are in melody with the significance and cognition of life. In his ideas and in his words, Thoreau has seemed to use that energy in Walden, opening his # 8220 ; 3rd oculus # 8221 ; to the universe around him Zen teacher Choa-chou said that, # 8220 ; Zen is your mundane thought # 8221 ; and Walden is a aggregation of the mundane ideas of Henry David Thoreau. Walden is a factual record of Thoreau # 8217 ; s life experiences populating entirely in a house that he built with his ain custodies, on the shore of Walden Pond in Concord Massachusetts. Zen suggests that to work out life # 8217 ; s jobs, one must straight beg the elements of personal experience as opposed to book-knowledge. This attack is known as Jiriki. Jiriki refers to a individual # 8217 ; s own effort to # 8220 ; attain enlightenment through his or her ain attempts # 8221 ; . In Walden, Thoreau offers the results of his experience to the reader in hopes that they excessively will derive freedom from them. While populating on the shores of Walden, Thoreau # 8217 ; s simple life style can about be summed up with the Zen stating # 8220 ; Chop wood, carry H2O # 8221 ; . Thoreau earned his life by the labor of his ain custodies and considered his life style, # 8220 ; really natural and pertinent # 8221 ; ( 728 ) . Thoreau achieved tranquility by agencies similar to those found in Zen Bible. He writes, # 8220 ; So many fall, ay, and winter yearss, spent outside the town, seeking to hear what was in the air current # 8221 ; ( 736 ) . This is, to me, reminiscent of the Zen koan # 8220 ; What is the coloring material of air current? # 8221 ; Throughout the pages of Walden, Thoreau seems to praise the simpleness of the carnal universe that is missing in world. Commenting on endurance, Thoreau states that, # 8220 ; None of the beast creative activity requires more than Food and Shelter. . . for non til we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true jobs of life with freedom and a chance of success # 8221 ; ( 733-734 ) . This simpleness of endurance has been a changeless portion of Zen life. Master Rinzai, laminitis of the Rinzai Sect of Zen, remarked, # 8220 ; When hungry, I eat ; when tired, I sleep. Fools laugh at me. The wise understand # 8221 ; . Both Thoreau and Zen faith appear to topographic point animate beings on a higher plane of being for their intuitive behavior. In Walden # 8217 ; s Economy, ( or # 8220 ; doctrine of life # 8221 ; ) , Thoreau writes, One husbandman says to me, # 8220 ; You can non populate on vegetable nutrient entirely, for it furnishes nil to do castanetss with ; # 8221 ; and so he sacredly devotes a portion of his twenty-four hours to providing his system with the natural stuff of castanetss ; walking all the piece he talks behind his cattle, which, with vegetable-made castanetss, dork him and his lumbering Big Dipper along in malice of every obstruction. ( 732 ) Irmgard Schloegl # 8217 ; s book, The Wisdom of the Zen Masters, contains a Zen quotation mark conveying a similar message on the lift of carnal behavior in life. The citation is as follows, Master Nansen, asked by a monastic, # 8220 ; Where does he travel who knows what is what? # 8221 ; replied: # 8220 ; He becomes an ox of the monastery protagonist down the hill, to repay him for his help. # 8221 ; When the monastic thanked him for his instruction, the Master added: # 8220 ; At midnight yesterday, the Moon shone in at the window. # 8221 ; ( 69 ) Thoreau was known to hold said, # 8220 ; Our life is frittered off by item. . . Simplify, simplify # 8221 ; . However, this respect of simpleness seemed to conflict with the sentiments of society. If one were to follow the advice that Walden give # 8217 ; s us for life, as Thoreau puts it, # 8220 ; God will see that you do non desire societ y† ( 823 ) . In The Norton Anthology of American Literature, Hershel Parker, of the University of Delaware remarks that, # 8220 ; [ Thoreau s ] life became a refusal to populate by the mercenary values of his neighbors # 8221 ; ( 709 ) . Henry David Thoreau had no desire for material ownerships. He writes: # 8220 ; I had three pieces of limestone on my desk, but I was terrified to happen that they required to be dusted daily, when the furniture of my head was all undusted still, and I threw them out in disgust # 8221 ; ( 746-747 ) . After all, as Zen maestro Mumon said, # 8220 ; The hoarded wealths of the house do non come in by the forepart door # 8221 ; . Thoreau abandoned the objects that did non ask the life of his life. Often in life we get new things even though objects still possessed could make the coveted occupation. Thoreau was uncomfortable with that quality of adult male articulating that, # 8220 ; au naturel pess are older than places, and [ one ] can do them make # 8221 ; ( 739 ) . This statement is rather similar in idea to a Diogenes quotation mark found in The Little Zen Companion: # 8220 ; I threw my cup off when I saw a kid imbibing from his custodies at the trough # 8221 ; ( 133 ) . Thoreau believed that money unneeded for the life style of his choosing. He believed that, # 8220 ; None can be an impartial or wise perceiver of human life but from the vantage land of what we should name voluntary poorness # 8221 ; ( 735 ) . This belief is shared with the Zen Masterss. Zen text says: A monastic asked Chao-chou, # 8220 ; If a hapless adult male comes, what should one give him? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; He lacks nil, # 8221 ; answered the Master. By chew the fating unneeded things, you are left, in bend, with fewer things to worry approximately. Thoreau # 8217 ; s ain remark about the society around him was that, # 8220 ; We worship non the Graces, nor the Parcae, but Fashion # 8221 ; ( 740 ) . In Walden, Thoreau spins a narrative to exemplify the point, Madam Pfeiffer, in her adventuresome travels round the universe, from E to West, had got so close place as Asian Russia, she says that she felt the necessity of have oning other than a traveling frock, when she went to run into the governments, for she was now in civilised state, where # 8212 ; people are judged of by their apparels # 8217 ; . ( 739 ) This funny anecdote brings into head an ancient Zen Story, Affluent givers invited Master Ikkyu to a feast. The Maestro arrived at that place dressed in mendicant # 8217 ; s vest. His host, non acknowledging him in this attire, hustled him off. The Master went place, there changed into his ceremonial robe of violet brocade, and once more presented himself at his host # 8217 ; s doorsill. He was received with due regard, and ushered into the feast room. There he put his stiff robe on the shock absorber, stating, I expect you invited the robe since you showed me away a small piece ago, # 8217 ; and left. These were, harmonizing to Thoreau, the # 8220 ; infantile and barbarous gustatory sensation of work forces # 8221 ; ( 741 ) . Walden strongly displays how deep the modus operandi of tradition and conformance are entrenched into civilised life. Thoreau believes that the job with society is their dependance on conventional wont. Men are # 8220 ; machines # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; are so occupied with the factitious attentions and superfluously harsh labor of life that its finer fruits can non be plucked by them # 8221 ; ( 730 ) . Further into Walden, Thoreau comes to the realisation that, # 8220 ; the life of the civilised people [ is made ] an establishment, in which the life of the person is to a great extent absorbed, in order to continue and hone that of the race # 8221 ; ( 744 ) . It can be seen that Thoreau thinks that individuality has been lost in civilised adult male. He concludes that civilisation would be # 8220 ; Better if they had been born in the unfastened grazing land and suckled by a wolf, that they might hold seen with clearer eyes the field that they were called to labor in # 8221 ; ( 729 ) . This may be related to the ideas of Tao Te Ching, who said # 8220 ; Act without making ; work without attempt # 8221 ; . Tradition may be broken every bit good. In Walden, Thoreau # 8217 ; s penetration is that # 8220 ; It is neer excessively late to give up our biass # 8221 ; ( 731 ) . Social prejudices are shunned in Zen Religion. There are no separations ; you are one with everything. Thoreau repeats his point by stating that, # 8220 ; The finest qualities of our nature. . . can be preserved merely by the most delicate handling. Yet we do non handle ourselves nor one another therefore tenderly # 8221 ; ( 730 ) . Henry David Thoreau is the Maestro and I am the pupil. He genuinely believed in populating his life instead than blowing it. I believe that he attained Buddhahood by happening the nature of his ain true being. Using Walden as a vas for his awakened wisdom, Thoreau would wish everyone to see Kensho and place with their ain true nature, # 8220 ; Let every mind his ain concern, and endeavor to be what he was made # 8221 ; ( 821 ) . In Thoreau # 8217 ; s head, life was non constricted by regulations. He boldly states in Walden, # 8220 ; Here is life, an experiment # 8221 ; ( 732 ) . It about seems as if Thoreau had based his ain life on the instructions of Chinese philosopher Tao-te-Ching: In brooding, live near to the land. In thought, maintain to the simple. In struggle, be just and generous. In regulating, Don # 8217 ; t seek to command. In work, make what you enjoy. In household life, be wholly present. Yamada Roshi, great Zen maestro declared that # 8220 ; The intent of Zen is the flawlessness of character # 8221 ; . Keeping that in head, I believe that Walden has secured Henry David Thoreau # 8217 ; s topographic point as one of the greatest Zen philosophers. Schiller, David, trans. and erectile dysfunction. , The Little Zen Companion. New York: Workman, 1994. Schloegl, Irmgard, trans. and erectile dysfunction. , The Wisdom of the Zen Masters. New York: New Directions Books, 1976. Wood, Ernest, Zen Dictionary. Japan: Charles E. Tuttle Co. , 1973. ENDNOTES

Defining the Big D - Emphasis

Defining the Big D Defining the Big D Kill the fatted calf: it seems we do now have a definition of the word Depression. (See Whats in a word?, below.) According to the Economist, its: a slide in peak-to-trough of real GDP of 10% or a decline lasting more than three years. Im glad we sorted that out. So were not in one yet, even if the latest estimate is for 4 per cent negative growth in GDP. Now, if we could just start talking ourselves out of whatever it is we are in

Minority kids with alcohol addicition Research Paper

Minority kids with alcohol addicition - Research Paper Example The problem has grown worse as the adolescent population too has been fascinated by the trend. Alcohol as a part of party or as a part of ‘growing up’, ends up being an addiction and the person becomes a nuisance to his loved ones as well as the society. What starts as an experiment of trying something new, at times ends up in severe addiction of alcohol. Addiction is the condition when the person feels adverse effects if not provided with the substance he is addicted to. Alcohol addiction is serious because alcohol is one of the most easily available drugs. Unlike other drugs like cocaine, alcohol is much more reachable. The youngsters, who fall below the legal age for alcohol consumption, find it easily accessible and not to forget that it is also available in the homes where adults drink it. In fact the first experiment of adolescents with alcohol begins at home only. It will also be discussed in the report how the advertisement of alcohol target the youth and how the se advertisements are more common in the localities where the minority groups are found in excess. My study aims to understand the causes of alcohol addiction among adolescents particularly among the minority group. These underage users of alcohol mostly become the main target of alcohol advertisements considering they are more prone to addiction to drugs. I am going to study the cultural influences on the kids that affect their behavior towards alcohol and the factors that lead to a sustained alcohol addiction. This study compares the findings from other studies and tries to come to a conclusion about the effect of kids belonging to a minority group and their habitual alcohol drinking. According to a report by the Office of Applied Studies (2007), 8000 adolescents on an average, aged from 12 to 17, drank alcohol for the first time. This increase in consumption is a concern as alcohol addiction has usually been directly linked to the occasional consumption in the above mentioned age

Environment, Culture, Ethnicity and Health Essay - 2

Environment, Culture, Ethnicity and Health - Essay Example At that time, the community was organized and incorporated and its first priest was Fr. Michael Sarris. In 1916, a home had been purchased and converted into the first Greek Orthodox Church of Jacksonville. The "godfather", so to speak, of the church was Rev. Parthenios Kolonis from Patmos, Greece, and had been granted the name of St. John the Divine of the parish.(Originally named The Church of the Revelation of St. John the Divine (Theodoratus, 1971). On April 17, 1919, the community purchased a larger church facility in the downtown area from the Christian Science Congregation. This building, for the next 39 years would see innumerable weddings, baptisms, funerals, and visits, by many high ranking clergymen. As far as can be determined, the consecration of this church was in the early to mid-1920s by the late Archbishop Alexander (Theodoratus, 1971). In many ways, the history of this parish reflects a process-- a process of the establishment and assimilation of Greek Orthodoxy within the American context. From the 1920s until today, through the struggles to build, to finance, and to educate, the parish finds itself at a new point of impact. Though the foundations are now firm, their greatest mission, that of preserving and furthering the Orthodox faith and their heritage as good Americans lies in the future (Theodoratus, 1971). They are now upgrading with emphasis on the importance of the Greek Orthodox religion by promoting educational, cultural, social and athletic activities. In large part, this decrease has resulted from the desire of parents to provide adequately for their children and to have them educated so they can achieve professional status. The method of limiting pregnancies has changed from control of gestation to control of conception (Papadopoulos, 1998). In Greece, abortions were not legal but were commonly performed by physicians. In the United States, a wide variety of birth

Reflective Essay on Smoking Cessation

Reflective Essay on Smoking Cessation This essay provides a reflective account of the delivery of an opportunistic smoking cessation intervention. In constructing this account, Gibbs (1988) model of reflection has been utilised, which incorporates the following components: description; feelings; evaluation; analysis; conclusion; and action plan. Description Whilst shadowing a practice nurse, I was provided with the opportunity to implement a brief smoking cessation intervention with a patient. The patients name will not be used, in respect of confidentiality (NMC Code, 2008; NHS Confidentiality Code of Practice, DH 2003), however, for the purpose of this reflection she will be referred to by the pseudonym Sarah. Sarah is a 65-year old female presenting with a number of health issues. She is an overweight smoker who has recently been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a lung disease characterised by the narrowing of the airways. COPD also refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema, the latter of which Sarah has been diagnosed with. It is emphysema that is Sarahs primary health problem at present. The health promotion strategy adopted was a brief intervention comprising motivational interviewing (Rollnick, Miller and Butler, 2007), which took place within the practice surgery as part of Sarahs consultation. Motivational Interviewing is a directive patient-centered style of counselling designed to help people resolve ambivalence about behavior change, such as smoking cessation. Alongside motivational interviewing, some specific props and teaching aids were utilised, including the provision of evidence-based information, the creation of a COPD self-management plan (British Lung Foundation, 2010), and details of helpful resources Sarah could utilise for further support. This included the Surrey NHS Stop Smoking Service (www.surreyquit.net), which offers free NHS support tailored to the individual (i.e. weekly clinic visits or telephone contact). Feelings I was initially quite anxious about this health promotion opportunity, as I was not confident in my ability to provide constructive support in the limited time we had. However, on initiating a conversation with Sarah, using open questions as recommended within motivational interviewing, the anxiety disappeared as I listened to Sarahs story. Active listening requires concentration, which in turn focused me on how I might be able to help Sarah. In establishing that Sarah was concerned for her grandchildren, who stayed with her quite frequently and were thus around second hand smoke, this provided an anchor to facilitate the development of Sarahs motivation to change. In turn, this anchor also provided me with a patient-centred method for relieving my fears, since I had found a way of engaging Sarah in the process. Interestingly, as Sarahs motivation grew, so did my own motivation to ensure that Sarah gained as much from this brief intervention as possible. With every question that I could answer, I gained in confidence and enjoyed my role as educator and learner within the collaborative partnership between myself and Sarah. In this sense, the collaborative approach that underlies motivational interviewing and much of healthcare practice today can benefit both the patient and healthcare provider. My overall feelings regarding the interaction with Sarah are one of fulfilment. I feel I positively contributed to this patients increased resolve to stop smoking for both herself and her family. Evaluation Motivational interviewing was selected as the most appropriate health promotion intervention for Sarah for a number of reasons. Firstly, evidence regarding behaviour change and, in particular, smoking cessation, shows that level of motivation is an important factor in devising the best health promotion method or teaching plan for a patient (Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, 1993). This approach takes into consideration humanist learning theory and the principles of self-directed learning. According to Prochaska et al.s (1983) five stages of behaviour change, Sarah currently resides in stage 2 of the following stages: Stage 1 (pre-contemplation) is when the individual does not intend to change behaviour; Stage 2 (contemplation) is when an individual is considering change; Stage 3 (preparation) is serious resolve to embark on smoking cessation; Stage 4 (action stage) is the first few crucial weeks and months where an individual is actively taking positive actions towards smoking cessation; and Stage 5 (maintenance) is about 6-months to 5-years after the initiation of the smoking cessation decision, where behaviour change has been sustained. Being in the contemplation stage suggests that Sarah still has some unresolved ambivalence about change and thus needs help moving to stage 3, where she can start to prepare for smoking cessation. If I had started to help Sarah plan for smoking cessation before she was ready, this could have been detrimental in both the short- and long-term. For example, it has been shown that overcoming the hurdles associated with smoking cessation can increase an individuals self-efficacy (i.e. confidence) in their ability to succeed at their quit attempt, which in turn acts to reduce the likelihood of a relapse and increase the likelihood of long-term sustained smoking cessation (Schnoll et al., 2010). If Sarah was pushed towards a quit attempt before prepared, her risk of relapse would have been high; this would have ultimately reduced her self-confidence to try again. The transition from the contemplation stage to the preparation stage has been cited as being critically important to the outcome of quit attempts (Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, 1993), as has the fact that healthcare professionals can be extremely influential at this stage Long et al., 1996). I considered motivational interviewing to be key to influencing Sarahs decisions regarding smoking cessation since it was designed specifically to help people resolve ambivalence about behavior change, which is the main characteristic of people in the contemplation stage of motivation. Motivational interviewing can achieve the resolve of ambivalence by avoiding confrontation and guiding people towards choosing to change their behavior themselves. I was aware that motivational interviewing would need to be accompanied by detailed education about smoke-related health issues and the likely course of COPD, together with possible complications and its association with increased morbidity and mortality. Sarah is an intelligent individual and keen to receive such information and reading material. Unfortunately, however, I was unable to answer all of her questions. In particular, I could not answer her questions regarding the pathophysiology of smoking. Unanswered questions can act as a barrier to progress, something which I do not wish to produce in a patient who requires such barriers removing. Fortunately, I was able to answer Sarahs questions whilst referring to an educational information leaflet. I do, however, feel that I would have been able to engage with Sarah more effectively if it had not been necessary for me to focus my attention on the leaflet before me. It became apparent throughout the consultation that although Sarah was most certainly considering quitting smoking, she possessed some traits that might hinder her efforts. In particular, Sarah appeared to have an external health locus of control. This means that she attributes control over her behaviour to external factors as opposed to internal factors. It is well documented within the literature that an internal locus of control is more productive to behaviour change and healthier lifestyle choices (Wallston and Wallston, 1978; Tones et al., 1992). Taking this into consideration, I was mindful to acknowledge Sarahs control over her choices. In one instance, I used her husband as an example since Sarah had informed me that her husband had quit smoking. I asked her how he managed to achieve this and in recognising her husbands role in his own smoking cessation, Sarah appeared to be adjusting her locus of control towards a more internal one. Nevertheless, Sarahs self-efficacy remained low throughout the consultation despite attempts to boost her confidence. It is believed that increased self-efficacy, which can be achieved via motivational interviewing, is an important factor involved in the success of smoking cessation (Brown et al., 2003; Karatay et al., 2010), thus I felt this was an important aspect to include in Sarahs self-management care plan to set herself an achievable goal each week that would gradually build her confidence. Analysis The Department of Health have been working with the NHS, patients, and healthcare professionals since 2005 to develop a strategy to improve the care and outcomes of people with COPD (DH, 2010). This strategy places a large focus on the prevention and treatment of smoking, as well as the importance of providing patients who have COPD with behavioural support and access to stop smoking services. The Department of Health (2009) have produced guidance on effective stop smoking services, offering three levels of behavioural intervention: brief interventions (level one); intensive one-to-one support and advice (level two); and group interventions (level three). In terms of level one, brief interventions, the National Institute of Clinical Excellent (NICE) have published guidelines and recommendations for smoking cessation (NICE, 2004). Furthermore, previous UK guidance has emphasised the importance of offering opportunistic, brief advice to encourage all smokers to quit and to signpost them to resources and treatments that might help them (West, 2005). They Department of Health guidance states that all smokers should be advised to quit and asked if they are interested in quitting; this is unless there are exceptional circumstances such as other medical conditions that might hinder smoking cessation. Those who are interested in quitting should then be offered a referral to an intensive, level two, support service such as NHS Stop Smoking Services. Sarah was referred to the Surrey service and informed of the success rates found for NHS Stop Smoking Services. There is evidence that such services are effective in the short-term (4-weeks) and the long-term (52-weeks); indeed, between 13-23% of successful short-term quitters remain abstinent at 52-weeks (NICE, 2007). Conclusion Approximately 900,000 people in England and Wales have been diagnosed with COPD (NICE, 2004) and it is the fifth most common cause of death in the UK, resulting in over 30,000 deaths annually (National Statistics, 2006). By 2020, it is estimated that COPD will be the third most common cause of mortality worldwide (Lopez et al., 2006). Smoking is the largest risk factor for developing COPD, with 20% of long-term smokers eventually developing clinically significant levels of the disease and 80% developing lung damage (Garcia-Aymerich et al., 2003). These statistics highlight the urgency of grasping opportunistic health promotion and utilising brief intervention skills to help deliver the DH strategy and improve the care and outcomes provided to people with COPD. Delivering brief opportunistic interventions for smoking cessation requires an approach that does not create defensiveness but develops a patient/provider partnership conductive of the patient making their own decisions, with support, as to their lifestyle. Motivational interviewing and consideration of individual patient characteristics and traits (i.e. locus of control, stage of readiness to change, etc.) provides a method of achieving this partnership within limited time and resources, as is often the case in busy healthcare environments. Learning the skills within motivational interviewing will add to a healthcare professionals repertoire of techniques for supporting patients through behaviour change, as I found in the case reflected upon within this essay. Action Plan The UKCC Code of Professional Conduct (1992) proposes that nurses should maintain and improve her professional knowledge and competence. In relation to my own knowledge and competence in opportunistic health promotion, I have recognised that I need to increase my skills for nurturing patient self-efficacy. Patient confidence is fundamental to successful behaviour change and although I feel satisfied with my approach to Sarah, it would have been useful to have possessed a larger repertoire of techniques for enhancing self-efficacy. I could also benefit from a greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which smoking causes COPD. Sarah was particularly interested in the physiological effects of smoking and whilst I could offer her basic information verbally, I needed to refer to information leaflets for more detailed insight, which disrupted the flow of conversation. I have started to explore these issues via a search of the literature on behaviour change and health promotion. As part of this search, I have come across the concept of implementation intention (Gollwitzer, 1999). The theory behind this concept is that in order for someone to implement a desired behaviour, it is necessary for them to devise a specific plan that will increase their intention to pursue that behaviour (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006). This is an interesting technique that could be integrated into motivational interviewing and health promotion via the self-management care plans currently provided. I intend to explore this further and to discuss it with a superior. Using Gibbs reflective model to structure this account has helped me to recognise my strongest skills and those that require further development. I will endeavour to take a proactive approach to utilising this greater insight into my professional abilities.